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Microwave concept EECTECH

microwave
Microwave is a kind of electromagnetic wave with very short wavelength. Its wavelength is between 1 m m and 1 m, and its corresponding frequency is between 300 GHz and 300 MHz.

Microwave Technology
It is a special technology to study the generation, modulation, demodulation, amplification, transmission, transmission and application of microwave signals.

Noise figure
Noise figure represents the deterioration of the amplified signal noise of a microwave device. The noise figure of any microwave device is defined as follows: Nf= (Sin/Nin)/(Sout/Nout) where (Sin/Nin) the signal-to-noise ratio of the input signal and (Sout/Nout) the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal.

Power gain
There are many definitions of power gain, such as utility gain, actual gain, etc. For the practical amplifier, power gain means that the signal source and load are measured by network analyzer under the condition of 50_standard impedance, considering the input and output mismatch of the amplifier.

Gain flatness
The fluctuation of power gain in the specified frequency band is expressed by the decibel difference between the maximum gain and the minimum gain.

gain
  • Gain is used to indicate the degree of concentrated radiation of the antenna. The gain of an antenna in one direction is defined as the ratio of the square of the electric field intensity (E2) generated by an antenna in one direction to the square of the electric field intensity (E02) generated by a lossless ideal point source antenna in the same direction and position, usually expressed in G, at the same input power. G = E2/E02 (same input power)
  • Similarly, the gain can also be determined by the ratio of input power (Pino) to input power (Pin) of a lossless ideal point source antenna under the condition that the same electric field intensity is generated in a certain direction and a certain position, which is called the gain of the antenna in the point direction.
  • G = Pino / Pin (same electric field strength)
  • Usually the gain of the antenna in the maximum radiation direction is used as the gain of the antenna. Gains are usually expressed in decibels. That is: G = 101g Pino/Pin antenna gain calculation: G = 4Pi S/lambda 2 = _(pi/lambda) 2D2
  • In the formula, S-antenna aperture area (square meters); lambda-working wavelength (meters); D-parabolic aperture (i.e. aperture diameter) (meters); _-antenna efficiency.

Directional pattern

If the intensity of the radiation strikes of the anti-antenna in all directions is expressed by the length of the vector starting from the origin, the envelope formed by connecting all the vector endpoints is the pattern of the antenna. It shows the relative radiation of antenna in different directions, which is called stereo pattern. The direction of the vector diameter represents the direction of radiation, and the length of the vector diameter represents the intensity of radiation shock. The pattern contains many lobes, in which the lobe containing the maximum radiation direction is called the main lobe. Others are called first sidelobe, second sidelobe, etc.